To avoid soil and groundwater pollution in factories threatening national health and the environment, Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) has launched “Demonstration Project Applying Investigation of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Potential in Operating Factories” (“Demonstration project”) in 2014, and also launched “Applying Investigation of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Potential in Operating Factories (Phase II)” (“project II”) in 2016. The investigation focused on screening and investigation of operating facilities systematically by manufacturing process screening. In 2018, EPA kept carrying out the project of “Applying Investigation of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Potential in Operating Factories (Phase Ⅲ)” (“project Ⅲ”). This project reviewed the possible causes of factories’ pollution, the distribution of pollutants, and difficulties in pollution improvement. The recommended measures for pollution prevention, investigation, and pollution remediation also be developed. For the succession of the previous projects, the purpose of this project is to expand the implementation of the investigation, keep abreast of the list with common potential pollution, and pay attention to features of manufacturing and operation. The results of the in-situ survey priority have been executed in 138 factories and investigated in 22 factories, exceedances of the Control Standards are found in 14 factories (about 64%), dominated by metal and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons(TPH) pollution. Moreover, exceedances of Soil Pollution Control Standards are found in 6 factories; Exceedances of both Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control Standards are found in 8 factories. Not only the pollutants in investigated factories are confirmed, but the factories have been controlled by the Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Act (SGPRA). The feedback on the project implementation results can provide a reference for the subsequent promotion of the factory's pollution prevention management system. In addition, the results of the survey showed that lead concentration only exceeded the Groundwater Pollution Control Standards by 1 to 3 times in 3 factories. In order to prudently evaluate the lead pollution status of groundwater in these sites, it is recommended that the Environmental Protection Agency first conduct regular monitoring to confirm the pollution situation, and then handle it in accordance with the relevant provisions of SGPRA. During the investigation, traces of controlled pollutants, as well as the frequent situation of abnormal samples and water quality, are found underground. This project has established the management ability for factory pollution prevention by consulting experts in pollution prevention and management process for 10 selected factories. The performances are compiled into the manual for the factory’s self-management and pollution prevention and the case study. Through this project, the manufacturing process with high potential of pollution in groundwater and the manufacturing features will be obtained, which is efficient to restrain those illegal industries and reinforces their tendency against unlawful conduct under limited government resources. It could not only eliminate pollution in the underground environment but establishes the comprehensive fundamental of further factory prevention management and law amendment.

Soil and Groundwater, Pollution Potential, Operating factory